Knowella

Unsafe Act Report

The recurring failure is not under-reporting — it's the report turning into a disciplinary file the moment a name gets attached to a behaviour. Once that happens, people stop raising what they see, supervisors start writing to justify a sanction rather than to understand a practice, and the record that was meant to catch a system problem early ends up hiding it instead.

KnowSafeRecordSAF-015Pinned in navigation27 fields across 4 sectionsFull researchSee the form

Reviewed by Siddarth SinghCSPLast reviewed 16 August 2026

Basis
ISO 45001 cl.5.4
Workspace
KnowSafe
Form type
Record
Completed by
Anyone who observes the act, at the time
Escalates to
Coaching record, then CAPA only if deliberate and repeated

The short version

  • An unsafe act report exists to catch risky practice before it becomes an injury, and it only works if it stays behaviour-focused rather than becoming a disciplinary tool.
  • The single most consequential field on the form is 'Was It The Normal Way' — if the whole team works this way, the fix is a system or training change, not a word with one person.
  • Coaching is the default response; a formal CAPA is reserved for risk-taking that is both deliberate and repeated, which the form does not automatically detect and a person must judge.
  • A procedure that cannot be followed as written is treated as a document defect, not a compliance failure, and routes back to the governing document rather than to the individual.

What this is

What is an unsafe act report?

What is an unsafe act report?

An unsafe act report is a behaviour-based record that captures a way of working that puts someone at risk, logged at the moment it is seen rather than after the fact. It sits under ISO 45001 cl.5.4 (worker participation) because its value depends on workers being willing to raise what they see about each other's practice without fear of it becoming a disciplinary matter.

How is an unsafe act different from an unsafe condition?

An unsafe act is a choice in how work is done — bypassing a control, skipping PPE, taking a shortcut. An unsafe condition is a state of the workplace itself — a damaged guard, a spill, a blocked exit. The distinction matters because an act usually needs a conversation and possibly retraining, while a condition usually needs a work order.

Why does the form insist on behaviour, not the person?

Because the same phrasing that identifies a person as at fault also teaches everyone else watching that being observed is risky. The template's own instructional field states this directly: the record exists to change how work is done and is never used as a disciplinary file. Break that and the reporting rate collapses within weeks.

Scope

When is an unsafe act report required?

This record is one step in a larger programme. Using it for work that belongs to a neighbouring template produces records that are hard to report on later and, worse, blurs the line between coaching and discipline that the whole approach depends on.

Use this template when

  • You observed someone working in a way that puts them or others at risk, whether or not anything went wrong
  • The behaviour is worth surfacing even though no injury or near miss occurred
  • You are running the Incident and Investigation programme and this is its behavioural-observation step
  • A coaching conversation needs a record it can be tied back to
  • A pattern of unsafe acts needs to be visible before it becomes a Corrective and Preventive Action

Do not use it for

  • Hazard Report, which reports something that could hurt someone, before it does, rather than a way of working.
  • Unsafe Condition Report, which reports a physical problem such as a damaged guard, a spill, poor lighting or a blocked exit.
  • Stop Work Record, which records that work was actually stopped because it was not safe to continue.
  • Witness Statement, which documents what someone saw for an existing investigation, not a fresh observation.
  • Anything outside KnowSafe, which belongs in the workspace that owns that process.

Compliance mapping

Which ISO 45001 cl.5.4 requirements does this satisfy?

The template's structure tracks a specific line of reasoning: what was seen, whether it was normal, whether a workable procedure existed, and only then what response is proportionate.

ClauseRequirementWhere it lands
ISO 45001 cl.5.4Consultation and participation of workers in identifying hazards and risksWhat was seen
ISO 45001 cl.7.3Awareness of workers' contribution to OH&S performanceWhat was seen
ISO 45001 cl.8.1.2Elimination of hazards and reduction of OH&S risks (hierarchy of controls)Response
ISO 45001 cl.7.5Documented information kept current and controlledWhat was seen
ISO 45001 cl.10.2Investigation of incidents and non-conformities, with corrective action proportionate to effectResponse
ISO 45001 cl.5.3Roles, responsibilities and authorities assigned for reportingReport
ISO 45001 cl.6.1.2Hazard identification informed by how work is actually doneWhere

What it does not cover

  • Practice Observed, which describes only an outcome ('near miss') rather than the actual behaviour that led to it.
  • Was It The Normal Way, which is answered without asking anyone else who does the same job.
  • Procedure Workable As Written, which is left unanswered when a Governing Document is cited, hiding a design problem inside a personal one.
  • Conversation Held, which is marked yes with no note on what was actually said or agreed.
  • Action Required, which is marked no purely because a coaching conversation happened, without checking whether the same act keeps recurring.

Global

Unsafe Act Report requirements by country

Behaviour-based observation programmes sit in different legal company depending on jurisdiction — in some places they sit close to a formal duty on workers, in others they are a voluntary management practice with no direct statutory hook.

United Kingdom

Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974, s.7

Places a statutory duty on employees to take reasonable care for themselves and others, which gives an unsafe act report a direct legal anchor rather than just a management-system one.

A pattern of unsafe acts that goes unaddressed can itself become evidence of a systemic failure to discharge the employer's own s.2 duty, not just an individual lapse.

United States

OSH Act General Duty Clause, s.5(a)(1)

Has no equivalent behaviour-reporting duty on the worker; behaviour-based safety programmes here are almost always voluntary, and OSHA has historically scrutinised incentive schemes that discourage reporting.

The report must stay strictly non-disciplinary in design, or it risks being read as suppressing hazard reporting rather than encouraging it.

Australia / New Zealand

Work Health and Safety Act (model law), s.28

Imposes an explicit duty on workers to take reasonable care and to comply with reasonable instructions, closer to the UK model than the US one.

A documented, coached response to a first unsafe act materially strengthens an employer's due-diligence position if the same worker later causes harm.

How to complete it

How to complete an unsafe act report, step by step

The fields that matter here are not the ones with the most detail to fill in — they are the four judgement calls that decide whether the record ends up defensible or just decorative.

Behaviour or person

Practice Observed has to describe the act, not the actor. A record that reads as a character judgement rather than a description of a method will not survive scrutiny if it is ever used to justify a coaching conversation, let alone a formal action.

Normal or one-off

Was It The Normal Way decides whether this is an individual conversation or a system finding. Answering it honestly sometimes means admitting the whole team works around a control, which is uncomfortable but is exactly the finding the field exists to surface.

Procedure exists but doesn't work

If a Governing Document is cited, Procedure Workable As Written must be answered. Skipping it when the procedure genuinely cannot be followed on the shop floor converts a document defect into an unfair mark against the person who could not comply with it.

Coaching or CAPA

Action Required should stay No for a first, isolated act handled through a genuine conversation. It should flip to Yes only where the same behaviour repeats after coaching, or where the potential severity is high enough that a single occurrence justifies a formal corrective action.

What auditors find

Most common unsafe act report findings

The gaps that recur in audits of this record are less about missing fields and more about the judgement calls above being made too quickly.

FindingClauseWhat fixes it
Behaviour Category selected without a matching Practice Observed narrativeISO 45001 cl.5.4Require at least one sentence of free text describing the specific action before the category picklist can be saved.
Was It The Normal Way answered 'No, unusual for this person' with no corroboration from anyone else on the taskISO 45001 cl.7.3Route a copy of the report to the task's other regular operators for a quick confirm/deny before the record is closed.
Procedure Exists marked Yes with the Governing Document field left blankISO 45001 cl.7.5Make Governing Document mandatory whenever Procedure Exists is Yes, so the citation cannot be implied without a reference.
Conversation Held marked 'Yes, at the time' with no Coaching Record ID attachedISO 45001 cl.10.2Enforce the conditional link so a coaching conversation always produces a traceable coaching record, even a brief one.
Potential Severity left at a low band for an act that, on a different day, would have caused a lost-time injuryISO 45001 cl.8.1.2Have the supervisor, not the reporter, confirm Potential Severity before the record closes, since the reporter is rarely positioned to judge worst-case outcome.
Repeated instances of the same Behaviour Category from the same task with Action Required left at No each timeISO 45001 cl.10.2Add a rolling check that flags a task or area with three or more unsafe act reports in the same category inside a rolling period, forcing a CAPA regardless of individual severity.

Case in point

Case in point: the shortcut everyone uses

A supervisor observes an operator reaching across a running conveyor to clear a jam rather than stopping the line first, and logs it as an unsafe act. Practice Observed is written up plainly, Behaviour Category is set to Bypassing a control, and the honest answer to Was It The Normal Way turns out to be 'Yes, this is how the team works' once two other operators are asked.

That single answer changes the whole shape of the response. Instead of a coaching note against one operator, Procedure Exists and Procedure Workable As Written point to a jam-clearing procedure that requires a full lockout most operators find impractical mid-shift. The unsafe act report becomes the input to a CAPA on the procedure itself, not a mark against the person who was simply doing what everyone does.

The template

The template, field by field

The form exactly as it installs. Every field, option, score and conditional rule is editable, and the links to other templates come with it.

27fields
4 sections
Reference
SAF-015
Archetype
Record
Record ID
CASE-2026-000
Scoring
Risk band
Direction
High is bad
Singleton
No
Basis
ISO 45001 cl.5.4
Links
Feeds coaching record, CAPA
Tags
Hazard, Behaviour
Sections
4
Fields
27
Follow up fields
5
Repeating sections
0
Links out
5
Field typesOwn ID, generated on saveCase thread and parentPick list from a registryLinked to another templateFollow up, dashed outlineScored

Report

4 fields
Text

Case ID*

Generated on save

Auto sequence. Format CASE-2026-00000.

The record's own ID. Other templates point at this value.

Single Choice

Status*

Scored

Drives who this goes to next.

  • Planned2 pts
  • In progress2 pts
  • Complete3 pts
  • Deferred0 pts
  • Open0 pts
  • Closed3 pts
  • Overdue0 pts
Date & Time

Date and Time*

Users

Reported By*

Where

4 fields
Pick List

Site*

From FDN-001 Site NameFilter: Status is Active
Text

Site ID*

Linked

Format SITE-000.

Links to FDN-001 Site ID

Single Choice

Area*

The area within the site.

Cutting roomBoning hallPackingChill storeFreezerPasteurisingFillingCulture roomDespatchYardWorkshopPlant roomOffices
Location

Exact Location

Optional

Drop a pin for anything hard to find.

What was seen

10 fields
Info

Focus On The Work

Describe the practice, not the person. This record exists to change how work is done, and it is never used as a disciplinary file.

Text

Practice Observed*

Single Choice

Behaviour Category*

Scored
  • Bypassing a control0 pts
  • Not using PPE0 pts
  • Line of fire0 pts
  • Shortcut under time pressure0 pts
  • Improvised tool or method0 pts
  • Unsafe posture1 pt
Single Choice

Was It The Normal Way*

Scored

If everyone does it this way, it is a system issue rather than an individual one.

  • No, unusual for this person2 pts
  • Sometimes1 pt
  • Yes, this is how the team works0 pts
Pick List

Task

OptionalFrom FDN-004 Task Name
Text

Job ID

OptionalLinked

Format JOB-000.

Links to FDN-004 Job Task ID

Single Choice

Procedure Exists*

Scored
  • Yes2 pts
  • No0 pts
Single Choice

Procedure Workable As Written

OptionalScoredShows if Procedure Exists equals Yes

A procedure that cannot be followed in practice is a design problem.

  • Yes2 pts
  • Mostly1 pt
  • No, cannot be followed as written0 pts
Pick List

Governing Document

OptionalFrom FDN-008 Document TitleFilter: Status is Current
Text

Document ID

OptionalLinked

Format DOC-0000.

Links to FDN-008 Document ID

Response

9 fields
Single Choice

Conversation Held*

Scored
  • Yes, at the time2 pts
  • Yes, later1 pt
  • No0 pts
Text

Coaching Record ID

OptionalLinkedShows if Conversation Held contains Yes

Links to SAF-044 Coaching ID

Single Choice

Potential Severity*

Scored
  • First aid4 pts
  • Medical treatment3 pts
  • Lost time2 pts
  • Serious injury1 pt
  • Fatality0 pts
Single Choice

Action Required*

Scored

Raise the action record, then enter its reference here.

  • No2 pts
  • Yes0 pts
Single Choice

Priority

OptionalScoredShows if Action Required equals Yes
  • High0 pts
  • Medium1 pt
  • Low3 pts
Text

CAPA ID

OptionalLinkedShows if Action Required equals Yes

Format CAPA-2026-00000.

Links to FDN-014 CAPA ID

Users

Action Owner

OptionalShows if Action Required equals Yes
Users

Supervisor*

Signature

Signature*

SAF-015 · record IDs look like CASE-2026-000 · Feeds coaching record, CAPA

Open in Knowella

Run it with agents

From a document you fill in to a programme that runs itself

The form captures one observation. Keeping the coaching-first culture intact, connecting repeat patterns across shifts, and holding the evidence trail together is the part that actually slips.

KnowSafe

Holds the unsafe act report library against your task and procedure registers, and flags when the same behaviour category recurs on the same task before it becomes a formal matter.

KnowTrain

Turns a pattern of unsafe acts on a task into a targeted retraining trigger, so the fix reaches everyone who does the job, not just the person who was observed.

KnowComply

Tracks whether the governing procedure behind a repeated unsafe act has actually been reviewed and reissued, so a document defect doesn't sit open indefinitely.

Ella
Ella

Coordinates the crew, rolls completion and repeat-pattern exceptions into one view, and holds every write for your approval before it touches a record.

This template lives in KnowSafe — safety and compliance. Incidents, hazards, permits, inspections and the critical controls behind them.

Meet KnowSafe→

Glossary

Unsafe Act Report definitions and key terms

Behaviour-based safety
An approach that manages risk by observing and adjusting how work is actually done, rather than relying only on after-the-fact injury data.
Just culture
A response model that distinguishes honest mistakes and system-driven behaviour, which are coached, from reckless or wilful risk-taking, which is treated as a conduct matter.
Hierarchy of controls
The ranked order of risk reduction measures — elimination, substitution, engineering, administrative, PPE — used to judge whether a proposed fix actually reduces risk or just shifts responsibility to the worker.
Worker participation
The ISO 45001 requirement that workers are consulted on, and actively involved in, identifying hazards, which is the basis for treating an unsafe act report as an input rather than an accusation.
CAPA
Corrective and Preventive Action — the formal record raised when a finding needs a tracked fix and a later check that the fix actually worked.

FAQ

Frequently asked questions about unsafe act report

What is the unsafe act report template based on?+

It is built against ISO 45001 cl.5.4, worker participation in identifying hazards and risks. That framing is deliberate: the standard treats reporting a colleague's practice as a contribution to hazard identification, not as a complaint against a person.

Does an unsafe act report always lead to disciplinary action?+

No. The default response is a coaching conversation, and the template's own guidance states the record is never used as a disciplinary file. A formal action is reserved for risk-taking that is both deliberate and repeated, which is a judgement made by a supervisor, not an automatic outcome of filing the report.

Who can complete an unsafe act report?+

Anyone who observes the act. It is not restricted to supervisors or safety staff, and encouraging peer-to-peer reporting is part of what makes the record useful as an early warning rather than a lagging one.

What happens if the same unsafe act keeps happening?+

A repeat of the same behaviour after a coaching conversation is the trigger for escalation to a formal Action Required and, from there, a CAPA. The severity of any single instance matters less than the fact that coaching alone did not change the practice.

What if there is no written procedure for the task?+

Procedure Exists is marked No and the record stands on its own — the absence of a procedure is itself worth surfacing, since it means the operator improvised a method with no documented basis to judge it against.

Can the unsafe act report template be changed?+

Yes. Every field, category, score and conditional rule is editable, and the links to Coaching Record and CAPA come with it. Most teams install it as it is, run it for a cycle, then adjust the behaviour categories to match what they actually see on the floor.

Keep going

Related templates and programmes

Siddarth Singh

Written and reviewed by

Siddarth Singh

Founder & Chief Executive Officer, Knowella

Certified Safety Professional and industrial and systems engineer with more than a decade inside food supply chain, freight and manufacturing operations. This page was written against the current text of the standards it cites, not against secondary summaries of them.

  • Certified Safety Professional (CSP), Board of Certified Safety Professionals
  • MBA, University of Chicago Booth School of Business
  • MS and BS, The Ohio State University, Industrial and Systems Engineering
  • Six Sigma Black Belt
Verify with BCSP →

Sources and last review. Reviewed 16 August 2026 against:

  • ISO 45001:2018 — cl.5.4 Consultation and participation of workers
  • ISO 45001:2018 — cl.10.2 Incident, nonconformity and corrective action
  • Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 — s.7 Employee duties
  • OSH Act of 1970 — s.5(a)(1) General Duty Clause
  • Work Health and Safety Act (model law) — s.28 Worker duties

This page is general guidance, not legal advice. Confirm requirements with your jurisdiction’s regulator.

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